Agriculture in One Shot | Class 10 Geography | Chapter 4 | CBSE Boards 2024

🌾 Agriculture in One Shot – Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 CBSE Boards 2024

India’s lifeblood flows through its fields. Agriculture is not just a sector—it is the soul of the nation. For Class 10 students preparing for the CBSE Board exam preparation Class 10, understanding this chapter in one go is vital. Here’s your ultimate guide to Agriculture One Shot Class 10, crafted for quick comprehension and long-lasting retention.

📚 Chapter Overview: Geography Class 10 Chapter 4 Explanation

Chapter 4 Agriculture notes from the Class 10 Geography 2024 syllabus delve into the different types of farming in India, major and minor crops, cropping patterns, and the role agriculture plays in the country's economy. This summary captures the core essence of the chapter to support CBSE Class 10 revision notes.

🎯 Why Study Agriculture in One Shot?

The aim of this One shot video Agriculture Class 10 approach is to offer you maximum clarity in minimum time. Whether you’re reviewing the NCERT Class 10 Geography summary, practicing Agriculture chapter Class 10 MCQs, or taking Class 10 online tests Geography Chapter 4, this format helps you master the essentials—fast.

🌱 Types of Farming in India

India practices diverse farming methods to suit its varied climatic conditions and geographical terrain.

Subsistence farming: Predominant in rural areas, this method is labor-intensive and focused on self-consumption.
Commercial farming: It includes large-scale farming of cash crops for trade.
Shifting cultivation and plantation farming are also practiced in some regions.

Understanding this is crucial for answering Class 10 important questions Geography and framing answers for Chapter 4 short answer questions.

🌾 Major Crops Grown in India

Let’s simplify the categorization of crops discussed in the Full chapter Agriculture Class 10:

1. Food Crops

Rice – Grown in high rainfall areas and irrigated regions.
Wheat – Popular in northern states, thrives in cooler climates.
Millets – Jowar, Bajra, Ragi: Nutrient-rich and drought-resistant.
Pulses – Source of protein, grown in dry regions.

2. Commercial & Industrial Crops

Sugarcane
Cotton
Jute
Oilseeds

3. Beverage Crops

Tea – Favored in Assam, Darjeeling, and Nilgiris.
Coffee – Grown in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Use these details for your Class 10 Geography flashcards and CBSE Agriculture previous year questions.

🌦️ Impact of Climate on Agriculture

Weather patterns directly influence farming success. The Impact of monsoon on farming is especially critical in India. Good monsoons mean bumper crops. Delays or shortfalls, however, can cause crop failure. This theme often appears in Map-based questions Class 10 Geography.

📊 Cropping Patterns in India

The three main crop seasons are:

Kharif – June to October (e.g., rice, maize)
Rabi – October to March (e.g., wheat, barley)
Zaid – Between Rabi and Kharif (e.g., watermelon, cucumber)

Revise this well using your Agriculture concept map Class 10 and Geography Class 10 Chapter 4 explanation materials.

📈 Role of Agriculture in the Indian Economy

Agriculture employs over 50% of the Indian workforce and contributes significantly to the GDP. This shows the Role of agriculture in India Class 10 and helps in understanding how farming shapes national development.

Agricultural exports Class 10 form a major part of India’s international trade.
It supports allied industries like fertilizer, tractor manufacturing, and food processing.

Refer to Agriculture short notes Class 10 for a quick glance before exams.

🌍 Land Use and Farming Techniques

Land use pattern in India Class 10 includes agricultural land, forests, pastures, and wastelands.
Use of modern irrigation systems, mechanization, and organic farming are transforming Indian agriculture.
Revise these points using your CBSE Class 10 Agriculture mock test and CBSE guide Class 10 Geography.

🛠️ Tools of Modern Agriculture

Use of fertilizers Class 10 – Boosts productivity but must be used judiciously.
Role of technology in farming Class 10 – Includes drones, soil sensors, and weather forecasting.
These are part of sustainable agricultural practices.

Perfect for CBSE sample paper Geography Chapter 4 and Class 10 crash course Geography.

🌳 Sustainable Agriculture

The future lies in sustainable practices. Sustainable agriculture Class 10 aims to balance productivity with ecological preservation. It uses crop rotation, bio-fertilizers, and water-saving methods.

Prepare better by using your Class 10 Geography mind map and Agriculture Class 10 Geography PDF.

🚜 Government Initiatives and Schemes

Numerous Government schemes for farmers Class 10 have been launched to support agriculture:

PM-KISAN
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
Soil Health Card Scheme

These policies support the Agriculture and economy Class 10 connection.

💡 CBSE Class 10 Board Tips Geography

Here are some golden strategies to ace this chapter:

Watch a Geography one shot session Class 10 online.
Use Chapter-wise revision Class 10 tools.
Attempt CBSE Class 10 Agriculture mock test and Practice papers Class 10 Geography.
Create a Class 10 Chapter 4 Agriculture ppt for quick visual recap.
Answer CBSE question bank Class 10 Geography regularly.

🧠 Smart Learning with Digital Tools

Use One shot revision notes Geography for rapid review.
Test your knowledge using Agriculture exam tips Class 10.
Practice with Online coaching Class 10 Geography platforms.
Use the Class 10 NCERT solutions Geography to frame perfect answers.
Attempt Final revision Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 before exams.

📌 Recap – What to Remember for Boards

Keep these at your fingertips for a quick brush-up:

Crops grown in India Class 10
Farming methods in India Class 10
Agriculture MCQs Class 10
Class 10 important questions Geography
Geography Class 10 Chapter 4 explanation
NCERT Class 10 Geography summary

Create your own Class 10 Agriculture worksheet for consistent practice.

📅 How to Use This Summary for CBSE Board Exam Preparation Class 10

Follow a weekly Chapter 4 Agriculture notes revision plan.
Create flashcards and short-form Q&As from this content.
Watch a One shot video Agriculture Class 10 before your exam.
Practice CBSE sample paper Geography Chapter 4 daily.

📝 Sample Quick Questions

Name the three cropping seasons in India.
Define commercial farming with examples.
How does monsoon affect agriculture in India?
List three government schemes supporting Indian farmers.
Explain sustainable agriculture with any two practices.

✅ Conclusion: Master Agriculture in One Shot!

Whether you are preparing for your final term or looking for last-minute revision, this comprehensive breakdown of Agriculture One Shot Class 10 ensures you are fully prepared. With topics aligned to the CBSE Class 10 Geography quick revision strategy and tools like Class 10 Geography flashcards, Agriculture Class 10 Geography PDF, and CBSE Class 10 board tips Geography, you are all set to ace your board exams with confidence and clarity!

Agriculture is a cornerstone of human civilization and a significant aspect of India's economy. For Class 10 CBSE students, Chapter 4 Geography provides an in-depth understanding of agriculture's role, types, and practices. This guide consolidates the critical points for CBSE 2024 Geography preparation, making it easier for students to revise the chapter in one go.

Key Highlights of Agriculture

Definition and Importance

Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising livestock. It forms the backbone of India's economy, employing over 50% of the workforce. Understanding agriculture is vital not only for academics but also for appreciating its socio-economic impact. For those looking for concise resources, Agriculture chapter Class 10 notes serve as an excellent starting point.

Types of Agriculture in India

India’s diverse geography supports various agricultural practices:

Subsistence Farming: Predominantly practiced by small-scale farmers, it involves cultivating crops for personal consumption.
Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming focused on producing crops for market sale.
Plantation Agriculture: Involves growing a single crop, such as tea, coffee, or rubber, over large areas.

To dive deeper into these, students can refer to CBSE Geography Class 10 Chapter 4 summary for detailed explanations.

Efficient Study Strategies

One-Shot Geography Revision

Preparing for exams can be overwhelming, but a well-structured plan simplifies the process. A One shot Geography revision ensures students cover the entire syllabus efficiently. Here's how:

Begin with Class 10 Chapter 4 key points to grasp the core concepts.
Use Geography CBSE Agriculture quick revision guides for last-minute prep.
Visual learners can benefit from Chapter 4 Agriculture mind map, which presents information in an easy-to-digest format.

Utilizing Technology for Learning

Modern tools make studying more interactive:

Chapter 4 Geography video lectures offer visual explanations.
Downloadable resources like Class 10 Geography notes download are convenient for on-the-go revision.
Agriculture one-shot video sessions provide comprehensive overviews.

Preparing for the Exam

Solving Important Questions

Practicing questions is crucial for success:

Class 10 Agriculture important questions focus on frequently asked topics.
Utilize Agriculture NCERT solutions to understand problem-solving techniques.
Attempt Class 10 CBSE Geography Agriculture quiz to test knowledge.

Exam-Oriented Resources

Agriculture mock tests Class 10 simulate real exam conditions.
Refer to Agriculture Class 10 CBSE question bank for diverse questions.
CBSE syllabus Class 10 Geography ensures alignment with exam requirements.

Visual and Practical Learning

Maps and Diagrams

Understanding agriculture often involves interpreting visual data:

Practice with Class 10 Geography Agriculture map practice sessions.
Review CBSE Class 10 Agriculture diagrams for clarity on topics like cropping patterns and irrigation methods.
Use CBSE Geography Class 10 important maps to familiarize yourself with India's agricultural regions.

Flashcards and Mind Maps

Quick revision tools are invaluable:

Create Agriculture Geography flashcards to memorize terms and concepts.
Use Chapter 4 Geography CBSE mind maps to link related ideas.

Tips for Effective Board Preparation

Expert Tips

Stick to the CBSE syllabus Class 10 Geography to avoid unnecessary topics.
Follow CBSE Geography board preparation tips to optimize your study schedule.
Highlight key areas using CBSE Agriculture quick notes for rapid revision.

Study Guides and Tools

Agriculture study guide Class 10 offers a structured approach to learning.
For a consolidated view, refer to Agriculture CBSE chapter overview.
Visual aids like Class 10 Chapter 4 video lessons enhance retention.

Beyond Academics

Real-World Applications

Understanding agriculture is not just about exams. It’s about appreciating its impact on food security, economy, and sustainability. Knowledge gained from resources like Agriculture textbook Class 10 can inspire innovative solutions to real-world problems.

Continuous Learning

Make agriculture a part of lifelong learning. Participate in discussions, attend workshops, and stay updated with the latest developments in agricultural science.

Conclusion

Mastering Agriculture in One Shot for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 requires a blend of efficient study techniques, comprehensive resources, and practical applications. By leveraging tools like CBSE Class 10 Geography board exam revision guides, Class 10 Agriculture tips and tricks, and interactive resources, students can confidently approach their exams and develop a profound understanding of agriculture's role in society.

Agriculture in One Shot | Class 10 Geography | Chapter 4 | CBSE Baords 2024

hello everybody welcome to your very own by 9th and 10th grade website I'm your teacher aara and I welcome you to today's class where we are going to be covering the chapter Agriculture and in I'm writing on the screen is visible to all of you if it is quickly give me a thumbs up to let me know that we are good to go so good evening I can see aayushman is here I can see vashnoi is here I can see siddik is here good evening all of you now ideally I know this class was supposed to happen yesterday but there was some

difficulties of some technical issues that I faced which is why I couldn't take it that's why today we're doing it at because you know normally for you guys especially 10th graders we do it post 7 but not to worry today I will not take too much of your time this is a very easy chapter it should take us about what 1 hour maximum one and a half hours and then you'll get a nice break after which you can jump into kushu M's class and you can solve your math so students very quickly I hope that you

are all excited and of course we'll get started very soon yes okay so now what can you expect in this particular class so first and foremost like I said we will be doing a complete chapter explanation now first and foremost this chapter right here is very easy so we'll do a complete end to end chapter explanation followed by which we will be doing ncrt reading now you know that especially for social sciences ncrt reading is very important and rather than having a separate class to do it as in when we do our one shot we will side

by side mark it which is why when you come to this class or whenever you are watching this video make it a point that you have your ncrt textbook right there with you now secondly when we are doing the ncrt reading I will also be telling you what are the type of questions that will come in your board exam which is why what do you need to do make sure that we write those questions down so today we will be doing pyqs as well so when we do it side by side when we do it as per every chapter it becomes easy right and most importantly whenever you

are watching this video make it a point that dedicate the time see if you're sitting with me for 1 hour then make it a point that 1 hour you will pay attention rather than get distracted in between now the time is high closer to boards no time to you know joke s or get distracted which is why please please pay attention so what requirements do you need in the class make it a point that you have your notebooks you have your textbooks ready have your stationary ready water bottle and of course a quiet place to focus then of

course we will get started now as you all know right the more and more we're going to Edge closer towards our examination the more we will need to revise which is why if you feel like there is a need where ma'am I want to revise faster than at the pace at which you are going on YouTube you can go ahead and download the BYU app as well right so as you all know in the description of this video you will find the app link right there's a link you can click on it it will take you to the Play Store where you have to download it

and there of course we know that you have the revise section that we've been talking to you about wherein you can revise all these chapters effectively with practice questions so everybody go ahead and I hope that the enthusiasm is high so that we can get started good evening anit good evening awesome so today our class is going to go on for maybe 1 hour not more than that but considering me I go to a point where I say maybe one and a half hours on the safer side right okay M Jos is always hi that is what I need to hear yes so let's

get started students we'll not waste any more time now today what are the three things what what do we see in this particular chapter so the chapter agriculture if you look at it broadly there are three things we learn about right we learn about what is agriculture and how do we do agriculture so now we also use the term farming side by side so we will also learn about farming and its types today then of course we will move on to crops so we will learn about cropping patterns we will learn about types of crops and we will learn about

what are the conditions required to do this last but not the least we will also look at agricultural reforms so this whole chapter can be split into these three aspects right so it is going to be very simple and easy now to be honest if you look at these things when we talk about crops types of crops or when we talk about farming patterns don't you think that the basics of these Concepts we have learned in our lower grades if you think back to maybe 8th grade maybe to an extent even in your ninth grade biology also you've learned chapters

like crop production you've learned about agriculture in grade8 geography you've learned about you know in Improvement in food resources also we have looked at some you know topics that we are going to be discussing right now so the topic is not unfamiliar right it is not unfamiliar to us you just have to realize on a board examination front what you need to learn because this is a very very scoring chapter but yes I will agree there's a lot to memorize in this chapter no especially when it comes to

this aspect Ma so much we need to memorize and keep we need to have an idea of which crop needs how much rainfall which crop needs what kind of soil so we have quite a bit to memorize which is why today along with all of this I will also tell you how you can make notes for this aspect okay so don't worry about it we will be doing this or this is what we will be covering today so let's get started students now when you talk about agriculture you know that our country is is often referred to as an agricultural country because if you

see a majority of our population they're dependent on agriculture as its profession right so our country being a very populous country majority of the population depends on agriculture so what exactly is agriculture now agriculture can be simply defined as a branch of science right you can say that it is a branch of science or it is a practice of growing crops at a large scale so if I were to give you a very simple definition it is growing crops and livestock right or raring livestock which are nothing but animals

right at a large scale now this is very important to understand that we are talking about manufacturing it for the larger audience yes so we see that this is what we can roughly refer to as Agriculture and under agriculture we see that there will be so many branches right there are so many different branches but agriculture that is there is the broad umbrella yes now of course when we talk about carrying agriculture out now agriculture was something that is a age-old tradition that has been happening for a long period of time and

we know that when we categorize it based on its activity right so we know that broadly economic activities yes we know that economic activities can be categorized as a primary activity there is a secondary activity and then of course we know that there is a tertiary activity so agriculture will come under which among these will it come under primary will it come under secondary or will it come under tertiary this is very simple for us to understand right so when we are growing or raring crops at a large scale this serves as food for us

and along with that we we also see that this serves or we get lot of raw materials from this which is why we see that it is a primary economic activity now one thing here that we need to know is that agriculture has evolved so right from when we started to how we practice it right now agriculture has evolved over a period of time right so we see that at present in different parts of India we see that various types of agricultural practices are involved so of course it depends upon the physical inputs right that means what are the

climatic conditions how much rainfall is available how what is the temperature in that region what is the kind of terrain what kind of soil do I find how am I able to get enough water So based on all of this I can determine what kind of crops to grow and how to grow them but other than that we also see it depends upon human inputs right so if I want to grow some crop right what is a crop a plant a single plant which is grown at a large scale that is what we call as a crop now you imagine that I want to grow

a crop at a large scale now here it will not just depend upon the climatic condition but it will also depend upon my effort as a farmer right how much input I am giving how much time I am giving to you know prepare the soil what kind of Machinery I'm doing am I taking care of how much nutrients are there for my crops to grow so it depends upon these two factors and based on say how much land we have or you know how we practice it we can broadly categorize our farming techniques into two right so we can broadly categorize them into two

wherein we have subsistence farming and we have commercial farming so broadly students farming can be categorized as subsistence farming and commercial farming okay now let's understand this a little better I'll take the doubts once I finish this part okay now see what is the difference between the two this is very very important for us to know now subsistence farming that is there is a type of farming that takes place in a small plot of land right in a small piece of land and we see here that in subsistence farming traditionally not a

lot of technological equipments are used and of course we see that there is a relatively small output so initially the concept of subsistence farming was just so that if my family is there this is me and this is my family right and we own a piece of land maybe a small plot of land then we will all use this land to do farming yes so whatever is sufficient for us we may cultivate this was the early idea of course then of course we see that normally not a lot of modern equipments are used but rather a lot of handheld or what we could say as

traditional methods right or a traditional tool tools are you know traditional tools are implemented now you look at the word commercial now whenever you say commercial production or whenever you think of a commercial scale or that is a commercial building what is the first thing that comes to your mind now if you look at a commercial building like a mall right now if you look at a mall a mall is huge right it is huge it cats for a huge audience yes the people who are going to visit that mall are going to be you know

in thousands but if you take the same case with a small grocery store that has the essentials at one time you will not find thousands of people inside that grocery store you will find three four people so the idea of subsistence and commercial farming can be compared to a normal grocery store and a commercial mall right so in this particular case what do we see in commercial farming we see that a large piece sorry a large piece of land is used right or a large plot of land and here what do we see the intent of growing the crops right or

intent of cultivating is not only for me and my family but it is for commercial use or for a large scale and along with that if I have say a huge acre of land me and my family alone will not be able to sit and cultivate no say thousands and thousands of acres are there we start today we might finish sewing seeds after 2 3 days so it will again considerably take a lot of Labor which is why we see that laborers are employed for the same so if I'm employing people to do my work I'm cultivating it at a large scale then

what is my output end May what I will get end May what I will get is a large output and just so that I can be efficient I will not depend on manual labor but rather I will also invest on some heavy machinery that will help me identify or carry out my process effectively so are we clear with this are we clear with the idea of what is subsistance farming and what is commercial farming students this topic is very very important because in your board exam for five marks in your section D they can ask you to list down

any three features of commercial farming or any two features of subsistance farming and this question has come in your last year's paper that is why for this particular topic I am going very slowly I'm not in a hurry to make you you know say I don't want to run I want you to understand that these are topics from which you will get in your exam and this is simple also subsistence you think of me and some my family commercial you think of a mall and think of some 20 30 people working on it together with fancy

tools yes awesome now broadly what do we see we know that farming can be categorized into subsistence and Commercial I but now we know that subsistance can be further divided into two right it can be divided into what it can be divided into primitive and intensive so further subsistance farming can be divided into primitive subsistance farming and intensive subsistance farming so what is the difference between the two so first up let us have a look at primitive subsistance forming now primitive as the word suggests right primitive means it

is a very age-old technique it's not something that people practice even now but yet in some small places in India they still practice this technique so what do they do so normally what they do is they will start with a small patch of land right so we see that they will start with a small patch of land they'll identify it in the forest and then they will cut it down then what will they do once they cut it we see that they will set the clear land after cutting it they will set the clear land on fire and this

of course when they set it on fire or when they burn it we see that this helps release nutrients into soil so why are they burning not because they enjoy burning right but rather what do you see we see that in this particular case they will end up burning it such that they will release nutrients into the soil then after burning they will s their seeds right and then of course it is harvested after it is harvested what will they do they will use the same piece of land right they will lose the same piece of land for some time until the fertility

dies out yes so until the fertility dies out or until the fertility is over we see that they will use this land and end May what will they do once they have used it completely they will abandon that piece of land and then they will move on to the next one so this kind of of primitive subsistence farming is also known as slash and burn cultivation right slash and burn agriculture joming agriculture it's all the same it is just that it is called different names in different parts of the country see zooming agriculture slash and burn and

of course there are more names right in different parts they are called differently but what is the idea idea is the same right so continuous cultivation in a single piece of land leading to loss of ferti now is this an ideal method for large scale see if it was me and my family doing this just for our own needs it is okay right it is may be okay because that was the thought process back then way back in the ages when they just started out doing agriculture they thought this was okay because you know they're like at this point it's okay to

cut a few trees to practice agriculture but now with considerable increase in population considerable rate at which there is um DeForest foration happening it's not very ideal anymore right which is why normally we call it or right now the word of what we identify it as primitive yes so normally what do we see in this particular case crops like maze yam right and these are all some examples of crops which are cultivated through this method of primitive subsistance farming yes now like I said it's earlier they believed it was a

small piece but over a period of time it has led to loss of biodiversity it has led to loss of forest cover which is why it is not preferred Now quickly everybody's asking me ma'am should we learn the other names see they they will not ask you to in the examination they will not say what is the other name of slash and burn they may give you juming agriculture they may use those terms so you may need to remember them in the sense that you should be able to identify it right so they have asked earlier but right now with the way the

sample papers are going and whether because see from last year there has been a shift in the format that is why I don't think they will ask you so much in detail but it's always good to remember yes okay so now do we have understood no we have understood what is this primitive subsistance farming primitive slash and burn why they burn yes because they want to release nutrients how long do do they do it till the soil loses fertility or productivity then they will abandon then go to the the next one yes

then of course what kind of crops are cultivated Maze and yam okay examples need to be remembered Ma'am why juming is primitive subsistence farming in India because it is an ageold practice right an age-old practice and these are primitive methods and of course we use you know even the techniques that we use are very primitive cool ma'am will you repeat once again simple primitive subsistence F farming is also known as slash and burn agriculture which means they identify a piece of land they cut the trees in that piece of land then

what they will do they will burn that piece of land why are they burning so that they release all the nutrients then they will seow the seeds grow their crops how many times will they cultivate that piece of land they'll keep cultivating till the soil loses fertility once the soil can no longer grow another piece or no longer cultivate another set of crops we see that if the soil is done they'll like h bus AB now we will go to next place they will abandon that piece of land T bye-bye they will go to the next piece

of land and then they will do the same process right so that is what we mean by this ma Maze and yam are not mentioned in the book just some examples I gave you because I remember once they had asked a question based on this so this is just an example that I'm giving you cool shall we move on shall we move on to the next type which which is intensive subsistence farming shall we move on Nam deep what is the meaning of practicing agriculture to grow crops and rare animals at a large scale that is what we call

as agriculture right ma'am can primitive subsistence farming be used for high production you clearly see that for large scale production we cannot depend on this because if we continue this practice we are going to constantly decrease Forest cover which is not sustain able right and of course we have learned over a period of time and even in our lower grades that there is a need to use the existing land wisely you cannot increase land under see to an extent you can increase land under cultivation or land area under

cultivation but at the same time you should also use the existing land clearly right that is why we then move on to the next idea here which is called as intensive subsistence farming right now what is intens now have you heard of it where there are these some crash courses or you find these um you know there are these normally on not on YouTube but sometimes when you want to learn coding or something like that they say this is a very intensive program that will help you understand everything better right we normally in in an education space at

a later time we use the word intensive or exhaustive right so what do we mean by intensive so in this particular method of course we see that there is a small piece of land right and this kind of methodology if you see intensive practice session yes aayushman thank you for that so in this particular case what do we see we see that normally it is practiced in places where there is high [Music] population and high pressure on land right high pressure on land so now what do I mean by this well of course in this particular case we see that there is a

small piece of land okay we see that there is a small plot of land but in that small plot of land I will use it extensively nuk and corner so there is maximum utilization of the land now here of course we see that why is there high pressure because it's normally practiced in densely populated areas and here I will use a lot of chemicals right like fertilizers so there's a lot of biochemical inputs which are here so we see that there are a lot of biochemical inputs which are implemented or added to the soil right why now here when I say

biochemical inputs is nothing but my fertilizer now why do I add fertilizer so that end may my crops are getting high yield right so what is the outcome I want to get high yield and and use my piece of land to the maximum so here I may use my single piece of land to grow multiple crops and to get high yield now the question is why has it that if we are doing intensive subsistence farming why has my piece of land reduced to a small plot why are we considering small plot as an idea now you know right earlier in the days let's

assume this is my great grandfather's plot okay this is my great grandfather's plot he had a huge piece of land back then but when my great grandfather he had two children right so he had two children so what did he do he decided to give half and half of that piece of land so this was owned by one person this was owned by the second child now when each of them have their own children yes what will they do they will again divide their individual piece of land so if this is the individual piece of land

owned by let's say the first you know let's assume my grandfather he divided it between my father and my aunt right now further when my father wants to you know pass on his land this will be further divided into half right this will be further divided into half which one piece will come to me and another will go to my brother so if you look at it from generation after generation there is a concept of right of inheritance right which gets passed on which is why there is division of land and that's why the

area that comes under let's assume the area which I am getting to cultivate is just a portion of what was initially owned right so now what has happened I have got only one CH to piece of land now here I need to grow it effectively or I need to utilize it effectively and that is why we see that especially in densely populated areas we see that small pieces of land are under intensive cultivation so are we all clear with this are we clear with this point of what do we mean by intensive subsistence farming now these pointers are important

to write especially for two marks and three marks so students please Focus super duper important yes ARA Naya don't get distracted in class please okay M intensive farming in Chu Landing exactly that is what it is right ma'am whether this particular type has disadvantages it does right one of the many disadvantages is that if you end up using high amount of biochemical inputs like your fertilizers what is going to happen eventually it will lead to consequences like water pollution and everything right so that is what we

understand as a disadvantage now of course we will move on to the next one which is commercial farming now we have already learned what is commercial farming right we know that commercial farming is where farming or agriculture practice takes place at a large scale right so it is happening at a large scale laborers are employed then of course what do we see we also see that there are machines you know machine inputs which are there and of course it is done for commercial purpose now one type of commercial farming right a type

of commercial farming is plantation farming now how many of you have visited munar or maybe kurg or even you know Assam those regions any of you who have visited these areas munar Kur Assam or you know in some areas like this how many of you any of you have visited yes or no I'm sure like see I visited munar and that's the first time I have SE I mean I have seen it okay very good Niha very very good exactly right so see if in those areas especially exactly that is why I gave those examples why did I take these

examples specifically like munar K and um you know Assam because there are tea Estates there are coffee Estates right and you see it there there are large areas so these are plantations basically those Estates are of course owned by people but that what you see is basically a plantation right where in a single crop so what is our key takeaway it is that a single crop is grown on a large piece of land right or a single crop is grown on a large area and we see that this in itself has its own you know set of um it has its own uh what do you

say set of um uh industry that is there a lot of people involved which is why we see that it is labor and capital in you know intensive so tea coffee rubber are all examples of this Plantation farming and what do you you need to understand from this the main thing that you need to understand is that they are produced for the market right of a large scale production and it's not just for within the country but it is also for export right so we see that because it's also for export there's welldeveloped

communication systems welldeveloped transport proper processing Industries are involved right so here we see that Plantation farming that is there is something that takes place at a large scale so now have you understood what is plantation farming now don't think Plantation farming and or plantations and commercial farming is different one type of commercial farming is plantation yes are we all clear yes or no ma'am SS pre-board awesome oh that's amazing that it was awesome and easy okay now that we

have understood farming techniques now we will wind up this section with a very last topic right this particular portion now of course we see that across the country like I said biochemicals are Rashmi basically or fertiliz biochemicals organic chemicals that are there it could mainly include fertilizers manual so on and so forth right mainly it includes your nutrients that you supplement it with now of course see we've understood that our country is an agricultural country that means that majority of our population

practices agriculture but our country does not have one kind of climate now from our physical features of our country we know that different parts right of our country have a different kind of soil type it has a different layout it has different amount different regions receive different amount of light there by temperature differences are there then of course climatic conditions then we also see that irrigation wise we see that there are large differences right and different parts of the country have different

cropping patterns so simply put we see that there are cropping patterns which means that based on the kind of requirement of rainfall and temperature I can categorize my crops broadly into three right I can categorize it broadly into three or I can say that India has three cropping Seasons so what are the three cropping Seasons we have the Kiff season we have the rabi season and then of course we of the Zed season yes we all remember this Brenton Woods would be something an M will teach you no I'm not the person for it but

this concept of K rabi Zed we all know right we've all been learning from grade 8th biology say we've been learning car rabi and Z so if you've been with me regular so if you've been with me regularly you know what is the definitions of the same right now what are cariff cariff crops cariff crops are those crops which are normally grown during the rainy season or the monsoon season right so we see that they are sewn on the onset of monsoon which means roughly around June July time right while they are hard

harvested they are harvested when they are harvested during September October time now how will you remember the examples now easy way to remember examples right easy way we have RMC RMC is a simple way to remember think of it as a complex RMC stands for Rise maze cotton right so you have rice maze cotton RMC is a way to to remember your cariff crops while on the other hand right when you see some more examples include soybean you have ground nuts bajra all of these are examples of your cariff crops now where are cariff

crops cultivated we see that mainly cariff crops are cultivated in different parts right so like Maharashtra biar parts of Karnataka yes Tamil Nadu in all these places we see that cariff crops are normally cultivated then of course we see that we have rice growing States we have you know Patty growing states which we will cover again when we deal with rice yes next up of course we have Rabbi crops yes very good NAIA remembers my short forms so Rabbi crops that are there are those crops which are sewn during winter which means that they are

sewn during the onset around October between October to December time and they are harvested around let's say Feb March period right so we call them as VI winter crops now what are the examples for winter crops we have wheat gram PE mustard so I think for this I had BMW right so I had BM sorry BMW now we all can remember BMW now what is b b right here is barley M is for mustard and wheat is W is for wheat so BMW Rabbi crops have BMW uh think of is this way rabi crops grow go in BMW car that means that it is barley

mustard and wheat yes then last but not the least right we see that especially for rabi crops your Northern and Northeastern states right I mean Northwestern States so your northern states like Punjab harana Himachal Kashmir they all come under the regions where normally rabi crops are cultivated yes so these are some examples now of course here you need to understand that the climatic conditions support there right whether it be how much amount of water is available how what is the climate I mean what is the temperature

available so we see that all those conditions support for these cropping patterns and last but not the least we have our Zed crops Right Now Zed crops are those which are sewn in summer season so it is a short cropping season between your Kiff and rabie right it's a short cropping season so here we see that normally it is in the summer season so it is between a ail I mean March April and May right and here we see that a simple example is p PWC PWC wherein we have pumpkin cucumber and watermelon so we have

pumpkin cucumber and watermelon so these are some examples that you need to remember so here if you see we have RMC BMW PWC and you have to remember this now normally why am I giving you these examples the reason I'm giving you these examples is some of this right for example in the case of rice wheat millets when we learn the major crops you will see that questions that come will be based on this where they will ask you uh they'll give you four Clues and you have to identify which crop it is that is why I would

always tell you that please pay attention to the examples it is very very important so so far RI clear yes so far are we all clear thank you sorab sir are we clear yes or no okay take let's move on to our ncrt corner right so for students who are very new to the class and this is the first class of mine that you are attending I always do an ncrt corner and an ncrt reading yes so let's quickly open our ncrt t textbook and let's start highlighting the important pointers that we need to remember so quickly to

summarize whatever we have learned so far right I'll give you a mind map in the end amep I'll give it to you don't worry so now see when we look at this right so we know that agriculture that is there initial bit of it is an introduction which is an age-old economic activity that has significantly changed or that has you know over a period of time our agricultural methods have changed now here what do we need to know that farming varies from subsistance to commercial type and different paths follow different things

now see first one that we have is primitive subsistance what is primitive subsistance it is still practiced in few pockets of the country where we see that small patches of land with the help of primitive tools right like hoe or you know digging Stakes basically using primitive tools we carry out labor and here what do we do we see that this particular farming method is dependent upon on the monsoon natural fertility and the environmental conditions yes now here like I said it is also called as slash and burn agriculture where they

take a patch of land right so we see that they take a patch of land they scut they you know cut the trees they burn it then of course we see that they will use it so here we see that they take a patch of land to grow cereals and other crops when the fertility decreases they shift to a fresh patch right so why do they do this why are they shifting so we see that this shift allows the nature to replenish naturally but we see that the land productivity in the area is very very low and here what you need to remember which is super important right

so they could ask you how is primitive different from um intensive so this is the point that differentiates how primitive is different from intensive so firstly of course see the fact that they use primitive tools is common right but what do we see we also see that they do not use fertilizers right so we see that the land productivity in this type is low why because they do not use fertilizers or any modern inputs so this is something that you need to remember right very good highlighting along with me that is what we need now of course

where do we see this zooming is something that we see in the northeastern states right so these are the names right these are all the different names in which we identify it go through it because it will be important so here these are different names of let's say primitive subsistence I'm just writing psf yes so this is going to be important students to identify how primitive is different from in intensive so now we know why we call it primitive because we use primitive tools right and primitive methodologies

and Low Land basically low productivity but when we move on to the next one where we go into intensive right so when we go on to intensive what do we see intensive may we see that this is practiced in areas of high population pressure right and here what do we see intensive farming where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation sorry I missed that point when I was talking to you about you know uh intensive subsistence farming I told you about fertilizers but I missed the point on agriculture but I missed the point on irrigation

sorry so in this particular case what do you see in this particular case we see that they are used for high production where we have biochemical inputs and irrigation as well right so this right here is important primitive is old B but Prim primtive is also because we use um it's because it's been practiced for a longer period of time we still use traditional primitive tools right that is the main point I think in my earlier explanation maybe that did not come out clearly but mainly we use primitive

tools okay that is the main thing now of course we see that of course due to right of inheritance the amount of land holding right the land holding size has become uneconomical and of course what do they do they want to to get maximum output from their limited land therefore there is enormous pressure on the agricultural land right so this is something that you need to remember very very important point that will help you distinguish between primitive and intensive then of course next up we have commercial farming right commercial farming May

what did we see we saw that this will require higher doses of modern inputs so what are modern inputs it would require High yielding variety so high quality seeds fertilizers insecticides pesticides in order to get higher productivity so I told you that in commercial farming itself we had discussed right large areas of land are cultivated we see people are employed and along with that we see that even the modern inputs right more tools and Technologies are implemented now what are these tools and Technologies it

means High yielding varieties which gives me more yield fertilizers then of course pesticides insects I mean insecticides why for giving me higher productivity yes now of course this is basically the commercialization that goes from place to place now here there is a important thing to remember that if you see rice is a commercial crop in regions like harana and Punjab that means that the production of rice is commercialized in those regions yes where large scale production happens but if you go to oisha or in other regions

we see that it is still a subsistence crop that means that the same crop in one area so here if I am growing it at a large scale right rice wheat and everything there could be another area where I grow it at a relatively smaller scale so you need to understand that if if rice is set to be a commercial crop everywhere else it is not commercial some place it could be grown subsistance in the way subsistance farming happens as well so this is an important po inaya you have to write board exam no exam time pay when they will ask you all this

you will remember the day when I was constantly screaming all this right so pay attention no please thank you now of course we will move on to Plantation type that we've already discussed where a single crop is grown at a large area we see that Plantation has an interface of Agriculture and industries so what do we see here large capital is invested lot of Migrant laborers lot of people are employed and of course we see that all the produce that is there is used as raw materials for other Industries so if

I have a Tea Plantation Tea Plantation say whatever I get is can be served as raw material for tea powder right so that serves as a basis for various Industries also okay then of course what do we see these are some examples that we have discussed okay so here we see that these are some examples and of course you can say that you know in karnat examples being T and Assam you know coffee in Karnataka these are best two examples yes so this is going to be important for us to know now of course next up we have cropping

patterns cropping patterns may say see it's very easy and in your board exam I have seen in the earlier I think 2018 2019 pay they have asked you to differentiate between your cariff rabi and Zed crops for three marks or sometimes this can come for five marks also which is why what do I what do I tell you I would request that when you are making notes for this particular part on cropping pattern make a table right make a table and write it down so first and foremost we know different parts of the country May different

climatic conditions so different crops are grown right that is why what do we see we see that India has three cropping Seasons so here they've started with rabi of cross so rabi may have already told you October to December is the uh sewing season Harvest Ed around April time yes important crops wheat barley just remember this here only side P you write if you have to write it just write it down here itself so rabi may what did we see rabi was BMW so just put it next to that so that you remember now one

thing you need to know is where they are grown right so these crops are grown in Northwestern areas like Punjab harana Himachal so on and we see that the availability of rain during winter in these months right helps in the success of crops why are we able to grow those Rabbi crops because in these areas we get rain right the rainfall pattern the climatic conditions are ideal then of course what do we see in certain areas even Green Revolution right where in we are able to use high yielding varieties and all of that we are able to grow the

above mentioned Rabbi crops then what do we observe next we have cariff cariff may we have already seen right sewn it is sewn on the onset of monsoon harvested in September October time and here again you can write down next to carif only just put the short forms I gave you it will be easy so here itself you can write RMC so that you remember the examples now here again as we go through the examples they have told you about all the important States as well right where they are grown and here specifically if you see they have given

you examples for where Patty States or mainly rice is cultivated so you just need to remember one or two okay then this is all about Z crops and you can just put PWC and you can end it so are we clear I've done a very quick ncrt reading because see there's quite a bit to remember in this part but very quickly we have covered this right are we all clear are you all with me yes okay then shall we move on to the next part where I give you a quick question for all of you to solve because now we will be solving a pre previous

year question we will cover the whole one we'll cover the whole chapter today don't worry about it right yes okay ma'am sigh of relief have been highlighting I know I was going pretty fast today so um good that we finished this meanwhile J say hit the like button on this video you guys don't want to like the video or what guys we put in a lot of effort to make sure that these sessions are super super helpful so don't forget to hit the like button now let me make the poll live for all of you

so that J say you can give me the answer and I will show you the question so the question that we have here is from your last year your senior paper you have four options given to you from which you need to tell me which is the correctly matched pair right so the poll is going to be live on your screens right now and for all students in my class who are having parallel conversations you will get timed out because now my laptop is open right okay so everyone quickly what do you think is the answer which is marked

correctly just give me one moment [Music] simple I can see many of you have given me the answer ma'am C for sure now these are the kind of questions that you will come I mean that will come in the examination so if you had a look at your last year's paper specifically now why do I use last year's paper as a bigger reference than the other Year's paper for two reasons one your last year's paper is from when your competency question started coming so that paper is the best reference for all of you to

understand what type of questions would be good then of course repeated concepts are there from which we can take uh the different questions right but pattern of questions will be always easier to observe from last year Well Done students well done very good the correct answer here is going to be option C right primitive subsistence farming is not practiced on a large patch but it is rather practiced on small patches of land intensive subsistence farming May we don't see single Crop Production but rather we will use it if we would use

the piece of land effectively so I could grow more crops Plantation May again I don't practice it on small patches but I will practice it on large patches right which is why what is the correct answer correct answer is option C where in commercial farming may I will use higher doses of modern inputs so this right here is what is correctly matched yes okay so now with this if you see we have covered the first part of it where we have done farming and its types now remember that this particular topic that

we have covered is very very important okay very important on a board examination point of view so that is why I have gone a little bit slower now of course the next topic that we are going to be covering is types of crops right now when we talk about types of crops I told you crops are are nothing but plants which are cultivated at a large scale right so what are what are crops plants that are cultivated at a large scale now of course broadly we can categorize them into different different categories So based on why I grow them

how I grow them we can categorize our crops okay so here broadly if you see I can categorize my crops as major crops right so I can see that I have food crops I think this would be a better slide so broadly I can categorize them as food crops and cash crops now what are food crops these are crops which are grown at a large scale because they are primarily our source of food right so they are mainly our source of food now here food crops could be those which are grains and those which are other than grains right now grains are basically

seeds but why do we call them grains because they are a little bit hard and of course we see that basically we see that they slightly differ maybe let's say from a normal seat right so that's why I'm not going to go into the biology of it but basically grains are nothing but seeds yes so food crops may you have grains and other than grains then of course what do we have we see that we have beverage crops right which means that they are grown because we make beverages or drinks out of them then of course we have our cash crops

that means that these guys have a very important role to play because they bring in a lot of money or a lot of Revenue so some of the beverage crops could also come under cash crops then of course we also see that we have fiber crops then we see that we have non food crops so in all these cases we have various categories that we are going to discuss so first up let us pick up our major crops which are obtained from grains right now this is the part where everybody's like ma'am now we need to focus right now we require here lots of

focus because this is a part which I think is super boring but don't worry as in when we cover I will also show you some notes and I'll make your life easy so today is not about making you feel sad I'll make your life easy yes let's have a look so the first one that we have is rice yes now rice as we know is a staple food crop so we see that this is a staple food crop of our country and majority right majority of our country or people like are there they consume R now of course our country is the second largest

producer of rice followed by China now rice here of course is Patty which means that it comes under the category of cariff crop now if cariff crops are here right think about it if you learned car crop in general you'll be see think don't study individually as rise wheat maze don't do it individually if you remember the examples for Carib rabi and Zed no roughly you will get an idea of what is what I'll tell you if you know that rice is a cariff crop then you know that it will have a slightly humid

temperature if it has a slightly humid temperature which means that it will be above 25° now around that period of time what will happen there is a lot of rainfall so rainfall is clearly higher so more than let's say 100 cm now what kind of soil now soil is what gets us ma'am okay temperature I will do ma'am rainfall I will do How will I know what soil Grows Where How will I know what soil Grows Where so right here let me tell you one thing yes so in this particular case if you remember one example right or one state for example

if you think of rice you know that Punjab harana then you see that you know all the states in the north right right North and Northwestern State North and Northeastern states that are there we see that these guys of course grow rice at a larc so if you are able to recall that normally in the northern ples plain what kind of soil do we see in the Northern Plains of course what do what kind of soil do we see Alo soil right so now you can say that Alo soil is found here then of course this is a simple way to remember now I always remember these

examples as a story yes now how do I remember this as a story I think of it as if I am a Explorer now many people will tell you many ways okay they'll give you pneumonics they will make you they'll make songs they'll do all of this I don't be I mean I can't do that that's not my way of teaching my way of teaching or my way of recalling things is more of recalling it with a picture or with a visual so if you think about it one easy way for me is okay if I think about Northern PLS you know I know

know that Punjab harana May normally I see it so if you just take a image of it just search for rice fields in Punjab do this as a small activity see the visuals that you see around it right so if I have to recall how Punjab feels like or what is there in Punjab what are the climatic conditions those are some ways in which I will be able to recall easily right so again North and Northeastern states is a very important thing that you need to remember then of course Punjab harana Western utar Pradesh again you can think of sar's area or he's from

utar Pradesh so you will be able to think of it this way I know I'm literally like Dora the Explorer I I kid you not I'm like Dora the Explorer even when I come to teach you guys no I don't do it just by reading the textbook or you know looking reading reference books I actually look at pictures and I come that's why I want to have a lot of pictures in my you know presentations as well because it makes things easy yes so I would recommend that way of studying as well it makes life simple ma'am

cariff crops grows in which place see harini cariff crops grows in place which have warm humidity which has rainfall right so areas like harana areas like utar Pradesh car crops can grow there okay now this is all about rice then we have wheat now see wheat is easy because we know it is a rabi crop yes and apart from Rice this is the second most important seral crop that is there which is again grown in the north and Northwestern regions now car is a rabbi crop which means would it require high temperature high humidity high rainfall

no it is the exact reverse so it requires a cool temperature especially during its growing season because it is swn during winter season and when will it Harvest it will harvest around April like March April time so it requires bright Sunshine during the you know during the ripening right now again moderate rain fall not too much okay then we see that there is well drained lomy soil so what kind of soil will it need it will need a little bit of lomy soil yes which is a mixture of your clay and everything where do we find it

mainly in the ganga satl Plains and in the decken regions we find it in let's say like wherever there is black soil so what are our wheat producing St States same we have Punjab harana utar Pradesh madhia Pradesh remember three states right three states more than enough Anita if that is what you wanted why you in class I can't do that but if you don't want to listen to me you can leave no compulsion okay so this is one way to do next up if you see map work point of VI pay right map work point of view pay what should you

remember map work point of view pay you should remember the distribution for rice and wheat mainly because this can come for identification so if you look at Rice your Eastern areas whatever is covered in dark right your dark green dark green is basically where you have your major part so if you see parts of up parts of you know uh we see that in the Eastern side we see that there is a lot of major production but minor production that is there is also there in your northern areas now of course if you look at wheat on the other hand

right so remember remember this think of it as a seven so here it's like a seven number no just that seven car the bottom part is on the Eastern side so think of it as a seven and if that seven distribution comes it is Rise while on the other hand yes while on the other hand if you have a look at wheat wheat looks little bit like amiba here which is concentrated mainly in the Northern and the Northwestern States right so mainly in the north and Northwestern States we see that this right here is where there is Major production of wheat

while in some regions on the other side like parts of Rajasthan parts of Gujarat right all these parts also show that there is some amount of wheat production so here this particular identification is important which is why I request all of you to please please pay attention Okay so let me quickly refresh my chat awesome so this is only for ident ification you don't have to worry map may I will always tell you that whenever you have to remember this is one way ma'am rice is which type of crop it is cariff crop so now we'll move on

to the next one after which I think after maze I will show you a simple tabular column right so let me quickly refresh your chat on my screen okay so let's have a look Mano you you I'm sorry B you are spamming so very sorry Alo is a type of soil that is there right Alo soil which we mainly find in the Northern Plains region yes is it only for identification yes it is only for identification as per my memory I know for a fact it's only for identification marking is mainly from your next few chapters that are there

okay now let's move on to the third one which is millet right rice and wheat are always easy for us to know the remaining things are what gets confusing for us right so if you see we have millets now what are millets millets are basically coarse grains Okay so they are basically Co grains now your joer bajra ragi so you have Jo bajra ragi so you have JBL which is a brand but instead think of J if JBL were to be millets it would be jbr that is Jor bajra and ragi okay that is three ways in which you can remember

as a short form so alternative to this right geography JBL is jbr that's how we want to remember this now of course in this particular case if you see it is a it is slightly tricky to remember what goes where right but the main intent of growing these millets and everything is because they are high in nutrition right they have high nutritional value and along with that they also provide us with roughage and various micronutrients also right we don't find more than macronutrients dispatch I like how your

name is Daily Dispatch but we have micronutrients which are present in it yes so different kinds of it so as per your textbook if you see they mentioned how ragi is very rich in iron calcium and so on and so forth right so we see that they are high nutrition value roughage and then of course we also see we have various micro nutrients yes so this is what we understand now of course if you look at Jo right now in the case of joer we see that it is the third most important crop that is grown now it requires a moderate kind of temperature

right so it does not require it's neither here not there moderate moderate temperature moderate rain rainfall as well and we also see that it is a rain it is a rainfed crop and we see that it is normally found growing in states of Maharashtra Karnataka Andra Pradesh and it does not require a lot of rain as well which means it does not require a lot of irrigation moderate irrigation is fine then of course what do we see we see that it can grow in a variety of soils like Sandy Lomi soil and everything okay then on the other hand

if you look at bajra so if you look at bajra and if you look at ragi okay now if you look at bajra normally it is found growing on sandy soil and maybe some kind of black soil also right so if you think of black soil always put Maharashtra ra there because we know that majority of Maharashtra is black soil followed by Gujarat yes and then of course we know that it can also grow in other parts but these two that are there right these two states you can remember then we have ragi now ragi Ka sometimes gets a little

tricky no but I'll tell you something now in Karnataka right ragi is very famous because we make something called as ragi mud which means that it's a ball that you make out of ragi and they normally have it with maybe some kind of subzi and all of that so mainly they steam it and they make it and it's very nutritious so if you think about it kataka ragi is something that is definitely used right so you can remember this example now of course if you see it is grown in dry regions yes so ragi is grown in certain dry dry

regions where we have black soil sometimes again shallow kind of you know so sandy soil that is there so two examples you can think of is Karnataka and Tamil Nadu so these are two examples that you can think of now again like I said you need to only remember 22 to maximum two to three examples you don't need to grow think of it as more and more now more one more way in which I would recommend that you learn is by learning some anecdotes like the way I'm telling you now with millets like J and bajra and everything normally people

make a lot of especially in the north as well they use these millets regularly right and even off late people have been switching to millets because it's a more healthier choice which is why here I would recommend that all of you the three millets are are jbr which is Jor bajra and ragi now we will move on to the next example ma'am it is difficult to remember State don't worry B I'm going to come to you yes somebody is also telling me momam I don't oh somebody saying m'am I don't

like it sidar it's okay it's fine I know it's not everybody's cup of tea now somebody's telling me ma'am your voice is not heard first time somebody is telling me my voice is not heard it's because actually I've not been well so like many people are telling you I've not been keeping well so I cannot take it louder than a certain level I was accused for the longest period of time to be too loud okay so now that everybody's now that I've come back to my normal voice please use your phones

or increase the volume take let's go on to maze everyone let's have a look at maze maze is something which is mainly used for food and order right so what temperature do I need we know Ma is an example of a cariff crop so it requires some amount of high temperature so above 25° I will teach climate lesson Lita don't spam so what kind of temperature do I need for Maze 21 to 27° right what kind of rainfall would I require some amount of modern moderate rainfall not modern moderate rainfall I won't forget

d I won't then of course it will require Alo soil to grow and normally it is a cariff crop but it's something which over a period of time it also has the ability to grow in rabie season where do we mainly grow this right we mainly grow it in Karnataka madhya Pradesh utar Pradesh remember three it's simple now one more way in which you can remember examples no is that when you are making notes write down the three four states name if kataka May more than one crop can be cultivated you can give maze as

an example you can give ay as an example you can give tea as an example coffee as an example so you can list down common States right that way it will become easy to study yes so that is one such thing now again like I said it is mainly a cariff crop but can be grown in rabie season also so how can I grow this in rabie season I can grow it in rabie season because of all the Green Revolution that happened right mainly because of high yielding varieties yes because of how much irrigation I can do because of all these reasons I I am able

to grow it in other rabie season even though it being a car crop I can grow it in the rabie season now for everyone else who is still feeling sad I'm not able to do this please take a screenshot right so here you have everything that you need to know I know the font is slightly smaller but don't worry I'll share it with you on telegram you can take a screenshot and you can enlarge it so here you have name of crop the type of crop what kind of soil is preferred what kind of temperature is required what is the rainfall and major

regions once you make this table I'm telling you write down the common States common States for example up if you take up Punjab right they are mainly agricultural states which means majority practice agriculture so you will find multiple crops that come under this category so that way it becomes easy for you to study no individually you don't need to remember remember six seven states and remember what crops under come under each of it I'm telling you it'll be very easy don't don't worry

yes okay are we clear yes everyone ji say make the take a screenshot and I'm going to move on to the next one right now I need to really pick up the pace hello Ashi hello AR if I'm on Instagram also why you'll not find me easily actually no you may find me but it's okay but you don't be on Instagram now you first finish 10th standard then you use all these things that can distract you shall we move on svi like I said M I'm unable to remember name of State for you only I said you have

Karnataka put upup similarly Gujarat or whatever you want to write put the common States and write down the crops that come under each of these states then you only need to remember five and under each of it right okay awesome all the best for your SST pre-b boards do well globalization mostly next week or next to next okay next week this is for your our JB o j went this side so this is for baj ragi and Maze so again everybody this is for bajra ragi and Ma please take a screenshot you have quickly to recall what we have just learned we know that

they are all Co grains while maze is used for food and F what is the temperature and conditions that we require yes yes ma'am I have requested you where is your request buta I'm not able to find it okay but whatever it is I have done ma'am Graham is which type of crop basically Graham is again a very general one no green grham horse grham so many ones that will be there so basically they are pulses they come under the next category okay yes I forgot so can you please tell me what was your doubt no

problem no issues Ash okay come back and watch it put it on 2X and watch okay so let's move on to the next one which is going to be pulses and then we will go on to our ncrt Corner okay so pulses is the last bit that we are going to do on food crops or major crops that are grains right so we know that India is the largest producer okay when it comes to pulses it is the largest producer as well as consumer of pulses now what are pulses see when you think about cereals right like your rice wheat Maze and everything

they're rich sources of carbohydrates while on the other hand your millets give you a lot of micronutrients that are there while on the other hand we see that in the case of pulses they are rich sources of proteins right so we see that these are rich sources of proteins now to we find T D moong Dal peas grham and all of that right so we see that this right here is are all examples of pulses now amongst this also yes if you see are pulses really categorized as rabi or is it categorized as you know Kiff now

normally if you look at p and everything P's are normally P gram and all that are said to be rabi crops but normally they generally require less moisture to survive and if you know right most pulses are of course leguminous plants yes which means that they have um RIS oium in their root nodules and they improve soil fertility so majority of the time they are grown in rotation with other crops right so we know that pulses play an important role when it comes to crop rotation so major pulse producing states are Madia Pradesh Rajasthan

Maharashtra up and Karnataka again to remember States you know the technique identify common States Circle it and then you can write it down and make a list if you want me to do that in our revision class I will come up with that okay yes please reind and watch okay sorum yeah it is a not another name for millet no no Millet is basically when you talk about millets right it's a broad category which includes various coarse grains or small small grains that are there take Now quickly going to our ncrt corner now

ncrt Corner May you know that you don't need me to do much here because see like I said when you are making notes out of your ncrt what do you need to remember you need to remember the following things you need to remember the temperature so if you take rice as an example we see that it is the staple it is the staple food crop we see that India our country is the second largest producer requires high temperature high humidity and annual rainfall right and here of course because we see that in areas that have

high rainfall less irrigation is needed or it can grow with the help of irrigation also study bud you I don't understand how I am able to do that but okay then of course where do we find them North and Northeastern India right so these are the places where do I find them growing you can write it down now these are some extra information that is always there that in some places right in some places even irrigation like tube Wells canals also help right they also help in growing rice in areas where there is less rainfall so naturally it

can grow in places that have more but even if there is Rest Lane fall you can grow it through irrigation right so that is one aspect now similarly like I said things you need to keep in mind you need to keep in mind what kind of crop what is the temperature what is the humidity these are the things that you will have to remember do you need to remember all states no remember 2 3 4 enough don't take tension 2 three 4 states are more than enough right okay study bud you have earned a chance to get timed out on

the channel I know I know we're facing some issue today so please don't mind now see same goes I'm not going to highlight for all of it because if we sit and highlight we will take forever but I want you to write these points down and make your notes so like the table that I showed you make the notes with the help of the pointers that I have given from the text right so in all these cases also if you look at bajra where we find bajra growing where we find raggi growing you can just put a tick mark next to it and see what are

the major pointers added into your table then of course we have about maze right now maze again important characteristics about when they grow where we grow how it is able to grow even in rabie season because of all these facilities like high yielding varieties irrigation fertilizer and you paste it in your room every day when you go you read it once right you go back and forth and you read it you will start to get more and more comfortable so that is one way in which you can learn this right now based on what we have learned right this is a

question that can come and this has come in the last year's paper in 2022 this is the second most important serial crop this is a rabie crop it requires a cool season to grow and bright Sunshine at the time of ripening and it requires about 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall which is this crop that we are talking about is it wheat is it rice is it maze or is it sugar cane so if you were to get questions from these crop part right this is how you will get the question you will get it based on some Clues and you have to identify what

is what so very quickly I'm going to give you the pole so fut I will give you the poll and you can give me the answer read the statements clearly we're talking about the second most important serial crop these are literally taken off ncrt right so what do we see here we see that it is a rabbi crop now if this is a rabbi crop what can we eliminate we know key our cariff is RMC so that means R stands for right r m stands for Maze so that means I can eliminate my rice and Maze now what am I left with I'm left with wheat and sugar

cane now we are talking about a Serial crop which is a Serial crop in these two easy no you can do elimination method and you can arrive at the answer so correct answer here is option a wheat right so here I'm only showing you these questions for you to get an idea of why you need to remember those you know rainfall temperature and all of that right so like I said if you remember this those Clues will help you in cracking no in very rare cases they'll ask you to elaborate but still it can come for elaboration also right as per

your sample paper this year which for which we'll discuss that question once again yes awesome so now I can see many of you have got it correctly so I will end the poll and we will move on so now that we've got an idea what we need to study and how we need to study we'll quickly Pace it up with the remaining crops because they are all very simple n rataro there is no rataro Bora the Explorer that is what I would say yes next up we have sugar cane right now sugar cane normally again like I'd say

I'd start with a story now whenever we have our Harvest festivals in Karnataka right so in whenever we have our Harvest festivals that normally normally happens in January so we have our sankranti Festival so one thing that I've always observed in Karnataka is that they give a you know a piece of sugar cane as a part of it so we see in this particular case India is one among the largest producers of sugar cane followed by which we I mean I think Brazil followed by which it is India now what kind of temperature does it require we see that

it requires about 21 to 27° cus average amount of rainfall and it can grow in a variety of soil so ideally if you see sugar cane that is there is can grow in a tropical kind of climate and it can grow in a subtropical climate right so it can grow in a subtropical climate now we see that based on the temperature it requires some amount of humidity and rain and in places where there is not enough rainfall they require irrigation so why do we grow sugar cane what are we getting out of sugar cane yes if I grow sugar cane what

am I going to get mainly it is grown for the sugar right it's our major source of sugar along with that we also get Jager or good from it then we also see that even the waste byproduct of sugar cane that is molasses even molasses is used for various purposes right which is why we see that sugar cane is of atmost importance now where do I find them growing remember kataka Harvest Festival May they give sugar cane why did I start with that story because we see that Kat in Karnataka sugar cane is produced so a

on with that we see even in Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Telangana we see that sugar cane is grown or is cultivated at a large scale so these are simple ways stories in which I remember a state right then of course we have oil seeds now oil seeds that are there is basically seeds from which we get oil so pumpkin seeds mustard seeds sunflower seeds these are all examples now how do you remember these examples simple market May when you go shopping with Mama to the supermarket you will see no sunflower oil groundnut oil castor oil

or even if you go open your kitchen cabinet right now you will find all of these oils right so in this particular case these are ways in which you can remember what is in my cabinet and that way those are some examples that you can easily remember now if you see our country is one among the top producing oil seed producing factories right yes so here of course we see that M main oil seeds produced in India include groundnut mustard coconut oil coconut oil is very famous from Kerala then sesame oil we have soy bean Castor and

so on linseed cotton so normally these seeds are utilized for the oil content and we use oil for cooking while sometimes they are raw materials right so raw materials for some ointment soap and so on now we see that can we categorize them as only C or only rabi not the case we see that some like groundnut are cariff crops while some on the other are like Lin seeds and everything are all Rabbi crops some like your cter seeds right cter can be both cariff as well as rabi so we see that in oil seeds we have a combination of it so

with this I will quickly show you the next uh table wherein we have all our information of what we have covered so far so we have pulses sugar cane oil seeds and J say you can take a screenshot yes quickly all of you you can take a screenshot of this and we can move on right always remember common States common examples right that is the way to go okay for every so for whatever we cover right so for whatever we cover I'll show you the table so that you can take a screenshot and that way we can move on so I don't need to then explain

the table once again same with the ncrt corner I will not go in detail because now we know how to make the notes out of it right so that is the whole intent of it take amazing now we will move on to our next two so we left with the last few crops which we'll wind up in about 10 minutes not more than that right so now we have looked at food crops so in this particular case we've looked at food crops from which we get grains right other food crops like our sugar yes so sugar and sugar cane and everything and oil seeds are basically

cultivated for getting products from them then of course we have beverage crops what is beverage crops beverage crops are those which are cultivated because we get beverages right so here tea coffee are the most common beverages first thing in the morning what I drink is a cup of tea not the most healthiest practice to be honest right because you should not drink tea or coffee on an empty stomach prefer to have tea and coffee only after a meal but again consumed in very limited amounts but tea is the tea and

coffee are the most popular beverages in our country G May there will be one packet of tea coffee for sure right there is no house that goes without a packet of tea or coffee or there might be a few yes but if you look at tea which is my favorite drink yes okay if you look at tea tea we know tea cultivation is an example of Plantation yes which means that it is commercial now earlier of course this concept of tea cultivation was introduced by the British which of because we have taken up now for the cultivation we see that

te requires a tropical or a subtropical climate right so it requires a tropical or a subtropical kind of climate wherein it needs a warm moist and frostfree climate now of course it requires a good amount of rainfall as well so we see that it requires good rainfall which is frequent so that what we get good tender leaves so why are we growing growing the crops right why are we growing the tea for the tea leaves the part of the tea that we use are the tea leaves right we powder them and we make our tea out of

it so here in order to get tender leaves we require frequent Shar and normally in hilly areas we tend to grow it so we need fertile well- drained soil and like I said what is the most famous tea doing tea Assam tea so Assam West Bengal Tamil Nadu Kerala yes remember State as tea from exactly so that way you will be able to remember this now understand that t because Tea Plantation is labor intensive okay it requires a lot of people because if you look at it the people manually collect the tea leaves they pluck the tea leaves and it

requires a certain kind of skill and we see that once the fresh tea leaves are plucked it needs to be processed and then it is sent out so that's why we see that it is a whole industry on its own now next up we we have coffee right so coffee of course as we all know let me tell you South Indian coffee is said to be especially in States from South India right and I'm also like especially from my family they normally say that the coffee the filter coffee that comes is the best we have cappuccino we have you

know um espresso all kinds of things but India May what is the most famous thing all over the country it is the filter coffee that is there the you know kind of um I would say the kind of Rel relaxation that you get from drinking filter coffee coffee is beyond anything right so of course when you look at Coffee we see that it's grown in a warm and wet climate and we see that it requires around a normal decent amount of rainfall again found in hilly slopes now again if you see like I said in the South Indian States right so

Karnataka Tamil Nadu Kerala especially in these states we see that coffee is cultivated at a large scale and of course Indian coffee all over the world is known right now see the kind of variety of coffee that we use is the Arabica variety which was initially not here but it was brought in from another country it was brought in from Yemen but of course over a period of time we have started to now grow and cultivate coffee and especially in the Neil gir region it is you know something that is super famous right okay so ji say we will move

on to tea coffee and and horiculture crops that are there are basically your fruits and vegetables that are cultivated at a large scale right so Horticulture crops include different kinds of fruits and vegetables which are cultivated and again in order to cultivate them we take active steps yes n in one way it's good it's good later on I would advise that it's not advisable ma'am explain in Canada I need to explain in a language which everybody knows which is why I'm sticking to English please don't mind Gita and

please don't spam yes take a screenshot all of you take a screenshot okay let's move on all of you let's move on to the last bit now we are moving on to the last bit where we looking at nonf food crops like rubber now when you talk about nonf food crops like rubber see how many of you have been to okay I'll tell you a story okay I'm so my grandparents that are there my grandparents are from Kerala like they live in Kerala so when I visit my mom's parents right so when I go from my dad's

Grand from my grand my father's parents house to my mother's parents house we have to go by bus for about let's say 2 three hours so on the way what I see is I see a lot of rubber Plantation so in rubber plantations if you see there are these huge rubber trees and if you see there will be cuts on it from which the latex will follow will fall right so what is being collected here is the LAX yes now if you think about it it is a equatorial crop that means it requires high temperature right so in the case of

rubber it requires tropical kind of climate yes it needs a tropical or a subtropical kind of climate which is moist which is which is moist which is humid it requires a good amount of rainfall and of course we see that mainly right we see that rubber is a very important raw Mater material right lot of things are made out of rubber so we see that in areas like Karnataka Kerala nicobar Islands we see that rubber is grow right so here we see that rubber is a industrial raw material that is why we see that it has a large scale impact

then we have our last two crops which is cotton and um jot now cotton and jot that are there come under the category of fiber crops yes what are fiber crops that means that they are grown for the fiber that we get from from them now cotton as you all know is a raw material for so many things mainly in the Garment industry right we see that cotton is an important raw material and India is said to be the home of cotton now we see that in the case of cotton it requires high temperature yes it requires light amount

of rainfall and mainly we see that it's grown in Black soil which is why often it is called as black cotton soil wherein we grow cotton or or we also say that regur soil yes now of course in this particular case we know it's a cariff crop requires about 6 to 8 months to mature and mainly Maharashtra Gujarat madhia Pradesh you know Karnataka all these are regions wherein we grow cotton so we see that why do we call it as a fiber crop because we get fiber from it yes now last but not the least we have

juk right now again how many of you have juk bags how many of your lunch bags are Juke bags can you tell me your lunch bags that you take to school how many of you have juk bags for the same many of you should have it right many of you I am sure that you will have a juk bag for the same 100% sure see I also have a juk bag okay very good exactly so in this particular case where do we get this juk from this juk is obtained from a juk plant right and the the stem of the plant is mainly fibrous so we cultivate it so that we can obtain those jute

fibers yes so in order to cultivate it I require a high temperature I require a humid climate then of course the rainfall also needs to be there right so I need well- drained fertile soils good amount of temperature now mainly if you see right we see that West Bengal biar Assam odisha all of these that are there are places where juk is grown so apart from making juk bags we see that ropes are made jot ropes are made we have mats right guny bags so many things so basically Jud is becoming a replacement a more sustainable replacement because

end of the day it is a naturally obtained product so it is better that we use it right okay are we all clear heavy rainfall right it requires a good amount of rainfall in around that time yes okay I can see so many one piece fans here well drained means see basically when it rains the water will percolate right so it needs to be drained the soil must be able to absorb that water so that is what we mean as well drained ansuman no ansuman is like ma'am I will take your test first I will take your test and give me the answer

yes ma'am you look is it because of our hair right now take a screenshot students because with this we are done with 34 of the chapter now we have a last portion left last portion yes ji say take a screenshot I will step outside shall we move on okay ma'am what is the way to know all the states of all crops Raja I told you identify the common States see you have to read the whole thing identify which are the common States Karnataka madhia Pradesh utar Pradesh your Punjab Arana there are many common States pick that

and place it under each of it right awesome now anit please don't spam yes okay let's move on all of you let's move on now I have the ncrt corner but we don't need to go to too much into details of this because we have covered but we learned about sugar cane right so sugar cane is normally it is like a cariff crop because if you see it requires a hot and humid climate and it requires a slightly higher temperature but can be Crown in rabby areas if there is irrigation now we see that India is the second largest producer after Brazil

what do we get we it's a main source of sugar Jager molasses found in all these states next up we learned about oil seeds so we know that India that is there right in 2018 India was the second largest producer of groundnut after China then of course we see that mainly in our country we produce groundnut mustard coconut soybeans so on now we see that some of them are also raw materials for soap Cosmetics ground nut is a cariff crop and accounts for half so mainly in our country we grow ground nuts Gujarat is the largest producer of

ground nut followed by which Lin seed mustard are rabie sesme are normally cariff in the north while Robie in the south yes okay then of course we have tea cultivation so we've learned about tea cultivation what is the climatic condition it needs yes what kind of soil it requires then of course how it requires a frostfree climate now we also saw that it requires frequent evenly distributed shards it is labor intensive and of course requires a lot of processing where do we find it in Hills of Rajasthan sorry daring in West Bengal

and parts of Kerala Tamil NAD to Kerala then along with this in other areas also we find tea cultivation but you need to remember a few Indian coffee we have already learned about it how we see that it is mainly confined to area in the neelgiri areas then of course we learned Horticulture is something which I touched base upon wherein we have large scale cultivation of fruits and vegetables now it requires a we see that we cultivate all kinds of fruits and vegetables so mainly if you see right mangoes of Maharashtra Andra Pradesh

utar Pradesh bananas in Kerala lii guava from up grapes from Andra so you need to learn few examples and keep not all okay just remember few few examples enough next up we have non our non food crops which we have elaborated here so here of course we have non- food crops like rubber fiber crops which include cotton and juk that we have elaborated on the same now what kind of questions can you get in your this year sample paper if you have not yet solved right if you have not yet solved your current sample paper you had a twark question which was

based on Mr Palani right so Mr palen is from Tamil Nadu and he wants to grow either tea or wheat which crop can he grow and why so here you need to substantiate with reasons how many of you have solved this particular question and you remember this question so these kind of questions can come where they indirectly ask you for the characteristics yes very good students very very good so here in this case we know that in Tamil Nadu what are the climatic conditions it is tropical subtropical hence he will not be able to grow wheat right which

requires a cooler temperature he will be able to cultivate only he will be able to cultivate tea right and for that what kind of climatic conditions tea requires it requires a warm frost-free kind of climate it also requires frequent shards so that way two points will be asked to you so remember that the points that we are discussing today is very very important this chapter is important you can get two marks three marks questions even five Mark questions from this chapter so please don't take this chapter lightly okay now we will move on

to the last part of this chapter okay very very simple so now we have learned ke agriculture is happening what kind of crops we are growing right but over a period of time if you see agriculture has gone a lot of changes right it has undergone a lot of reforms now our country like I said is a agricultural country so we see that major major occupation in our country is agriculture which provides food contributes to the gross domestic uh you know the GDP of the country we see that various raw materials are obtained for Industries so

we see that agriculture that is there has a very important role but over a period of time the demand even though we see that a large population is dependent on agriculture we see that earlier they were very primitive ways in which they were practicing right there were very primitive ways in which they were practicing it which is why post Independence they decided that they there needs to be a lot of reforms that takes place so that's why they came up with the concept of agricultural reforms now what are agricultural reforms

agricultural reforms are those reforms which are brought about by the government in order to develop the agricultural sector now this could include techn technological reforms which means introducing High yielding varieties introducing modern technology right on the other hand we have institutional reforms which main mainly meant introducing concepts of policies right policies that would help the farmers so these reforms were aimed in order to grow the agricultural sector right so that is what we mean by this

now what is the intent of agricultural reform quickly once again to make agricultural a profitable activity and to improve the socioeconomic condition of the farmers why are we learning about it we learned so much about what was agriculture crops yo yo but what was our intent of this in order to make the lives of farmers easy because we know that majority of our population is working in that sector but contribution of that sector is not much so we need to improve it right and we know that that is where we get our raw materials from

if that is only getting affected then you know that it's a lost case so we need to work on it so what did they do let's understand it one by one so like I said technological reforms are those which include Advanced methods using modern equipment so basically the intent of technological reform technological reform is to increase productivity of farming yes uh anuman don't spam B please don't spam I'll come to technological reforms don't worry institutional reforms on the other hand are related to policies right like

credit crop subsidies selling farm produce how the government can make their life easy that is what we mean as institutional reforms so basically post Independence what they realized is there was a lot of polit policies right zamindari system landlordism collectivization so all these policies that were there they decided that we should abolish it right so they decided that we should you know bring about these changes we should no longer go with it so they decided that this is not something that we need to produce and

this was the main intent the Land Reform right in order to reform the land that was one of their main focus just after when they made their first fiveyear plan right so post Independence when they made their first fiveyear plan okay what can we do for our country first thing they realized was you know we need to get rid of all this abolishing zamindari system abolishing all of this yes so now of course we see that they wanted to also get rid of the concept of idea of inheritance but now of course over a period of time it was getting a little

murky so they were like okay let's just focus on these things so now although they abolished all of this it was still not enough right we see that even though they took these active steps it was still not enough which is why what did they realize they like we need to step in with some Ag More what do you say we need to bring in more reforms into our system which is why around the 1960s and 1970s the government decided that it is our job to make things better which is why we have these technological reforms

that have come into the picture so around that time was when Green Revolution came into the picture yes so 1960s 1970s may you had your Green Revolution operation flood wherein we realized that we were using a lot of modern equipment High yielding varities we were using fertilizers using irrigational methods right so as you all know we brought in these kind of Technologies in order to improve productivity but you know that this also right was something that did not spread far across their concentration right

basically it was restricted to certain areas which is why what did they realize we need to come up with a comprehensive land development program so post the 1980s and the 1990s they initiated a comprehensive land development program so what will happen in this land development program so they started making things very accessible so first and foremost what happened was that there was no insurance for crops so there were various crops which were cultivated but maybe due to some draft or I mean drought or flood or due to

some unprecedented conditions those crops would die so the first thing they decided was we need to establish crop insurance so they made provision for crop insurance right insurance against what against floods diseases right then of course even against drought and any other climatic condition that are there right now along with this what did they do they also established gramine Banks right they established gramine Banks and Cooperative societies also now we know what are Cooperative societies we have learned in our money

credit chapter yes so the intent of the intent right just give me one moment what was the intent of you know bringing all of these policies so that they could also give loans so thereby Farmers half the time were not able to grow no crops because they didn't have enough money with them so they decided that okay if we give them the provision of money we see that they were able to you know maybe buy in the supplies and thereby increase their yield now along with this they also gave them a credit card which is called as

the kissan credit card which is KCC and P P AIS right which was the personal accident Insurance scheme all these schemes that are there were provided for the benefit of the farmer now along with this there were various bulletins various ways in which they would communicate updates and awareness to the farmer now along with this they also provided them a minimum support price now what is a minimum support price yes can you all tell me what is a minimum support price or MSP now a minimum support price is a price or a rate at

which the government will purchase crops from the farmers right so they will buy it from the farmer so here when they are buying it they will do some calculation in such a way that they will get a deserving support right so they will get a deserving support so the way they will calculate this minimum support price is such that they will not be cheated in any way right so sometimes what will happen farmer would have invested this much money but there will be one m man who will buy all these harvested crops for very cheap price see

if he spent say 10,000 rupees overall this guy will buy it for 2,000 3,000 rupees farmer is at loss but after this guy will buy it for 2,000 3,000 he will sell some 8,000 9,000 and make profit so thereby what happened we see that he decided that the the government will get involved where they will purchase it from The Farmer at a affordable price yes okay now of course with this they also they government subsidies where again the idea of purchasing it at a relatively lower rate and such that we also see that they they would also

provide them subsidies such that they could afford newer Technologies buy hybrid seeds buy fertilizers so there will be some slightly lower percentage in which the farmers can buy all these things yes so with this if you see students these are various ways in which the government has supported right they have supported the farmers so quickly if we were to go over this once again I'll go through this with the ncrt corner so now over a period of time right we know so you can take your textbooks and start highlighting it with me so now we know

that over a period of time without compatible in techno institutional changes Agricultural Development will not happen and we see that we need to bring in this development in order to meet the needs of the growing population and 60% of our population depends on agriculture culture so what did they do first they decided to abolish the idea of zamindari system as a post let's say getting Independence right but of course these were not implemented right although there were certain land reforms that were there but implementation was

not proper which is why around the 1960s and70s Green Revolution came into the picture where there was a lot of Technology there was white Revolution lot of strategies but yet we see that this development was concentrated in a restricted area which is why they came up with the idea of comprehensive land development program so under this what was there under this we see that there was provision for crop insurance drought flood Cyclone disease yes there was establishment of gramine banks Cooperative societies so that they could

take loans right and these loans were provided at a lower interest now along with this what did we see we also saw that there was kissan credit card there was P pis which were all schemes that that were meant or introduced to benefit the farmers and along with that there were news bulletins which would update the farmers about maybe some climate change or anything like that then of course we also see that they introduced minimum support price and also ensured that farmers were not exploited by middlemen then they ended

up with also talking about a gadan right so here this is a small story about a gadan which you can read of course I have not touched base on it but you can talk about a gadan and what a gadan does yes so students with this we are done with the chapter now I told a very big lie in the beginning of the class I said one hour me I will finish but clearly I took two two hours to wrap up the chapter but most importantly did you all understand what we learned today crop subsidies are basically a certain leverages right so basically if I want

to buy a fertilizer or you know if I want to buy hybrid variety I'll get a subsidized I'll get it at a subsidized price or at a cheaper price yes okay so with this I can see some of you have clearly not paid attention but it's okay now of course we learned about the first bit of it which was about types of farming right we learned about types of farming where we covered uh subsistence and commercial farming then we went on to major crops and we learned all about major crops cial crops food crops beverage crops all of it then of

course we moved on to agriculture natural reforms now before I wind up I want to also give you a quick list of important previous year questions so these are not solved questions but these are questions that I will recommend that you solve after this class yes okay so everybody can you take a quick screenshot of this quick screenshot this is a list of all the previous year questions from this particular chapter impact of globalization on on agriculture is a deleted topic we don't need to learn pis is personal accident Insurance

scheme right pyq Marathon session very soon tomorrow there is going to be a launch on the website so there is something that you should not Mi miss tomorrow we will be having a interesting launch on the so please hit the Subscribe button please hit the like button and most importantly if you found this class helpful do not forget to let me know in the comments ma'am actually ssse you are preparing for SS and you're not able to follow so see whatever you are studying or whatever is there for um whichever is

common you can go through it right so you can quickly help you can check out the respective websiteI think you will be able to find it yes mind map sure yeah the drill has started I'm glad that I ended the class before the drill so with this everybody I think it's time for me to sign off you have a short break after which I think kushbu m is going to be starting soon so I will be ending now thank you so much everybody for staying with me till the end hoping to see you all very soon up until then take care

lots of love and bye-bye

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